Mother and teenage daughter with foreheads together looking at each other hugging at sunset.

6 Important Principles to Teach Your Child about Sex

There are six basic sexual health principles that can guide someone in making decisions about their sexuality. These are important concepts to teach your child or teen, in addition to learning and modeling them in your own life. Within each of these principles, you’ll want to discuss safety, trust, communication, respect, and accurate information—all of which are key to achieving sexual health and happiness. As you read these, think through how they relate to you and your family, and decide if there are other rights or principles you want to add when you talk to your child or teen about them. Not everything below is appropriate for all ages. Use your judgment to decide what your child is ready for.

Consent

Consent is the full, continuous, mutual agreement to sexual activity between the individuals involved. Consent includes the right to:

  • Choose what you participate in, what you don’t participate in, or abstain from completely.
  • Change your mind at any time.
  • Fully understand what you are agreeing to.

Non-Exploitation

Exploitive relationships use coercion and power differentials to benefit one individual over another. You have the right to non-exploitive relationships and to:

  • Feel safe in your sexual activities.
  • Not be taken advantage of due to age, gender, religion, ability, race, etc.
  • Voice your needs, concerns, and preferences as they relate to your sexuality.
  • Not please others at your own expense.

Protection

Protection from STIs, HIV, and unwanted pregnancy comes through medically accurate education, information about the risk partners pose to each other, and access to appropriate healthcare and resources. You have the right to:

  • Ask about the risk your partners pose to your sexual health.
  • Deny sexual contact without use of protection or deny sexual contact altogether.
  • Educate yourself and others about types of protection.

Honesty

Honesty is being truthful within sexual relationships. Partners should voluntarily share important information in an environment of safety and trust. You have the right to:

  • Be honest with yourself and your partners.
  • Give and receive accurate information, even when stakes are high.
  • Ask questions of your sexual partners that impact your sexual and emotional health.

Values

Sexual activities can have different meanings for different people. Sharing sexual values can help to clarify what is acceptable for each person in the relationship and create clear expectations. You have the right to:

  • Take time to know your own and your partners’ values around sex.
  • Have your values respected without being belittled or condemned.
  • Feel safe sharing the values that you have and why you have them.

Pleasure

Safe sexual experiences built on trust have the ability to bring enjoyment and satisfaction to those involved. You have the right to:

  • Find your personal sexual preferences, expressions, and desires.
  • Feel safe when exploring sexuality.
  • Experience consensual pleasure without pain.

As you think through these principles and share them with your child, you may find things that resonate more at different times and in different situations. Having open and honest conversations about sex and healthy sexuality is one of the most important things you can do with your child or teen. It can prevent them from being sexually abused, help them have happier and healthier relationships, and allow them to make more informed choices around sex and sexuality.

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Male and Female college freshman walking in a corridor at their University

How to Protect Your College Freshman from Sexual Assault

Brad and Brittany are twins. They’ll both be headed to college in the fall at separate schools. As the time for them to leave draws closer, their parents want them to be prepared. So they sat down and made a list of all the things they wanted to make sure Brad and Brittany understood before they moved out. The list looked something like this.

  • Budgeting

  • Car maintenance

  • Work ethic

  • Taking personal responsibility

  • College textbooks will be ridiculously expensive

  • Sleep is important

  • Ramen should not be eaten for three meals a day

  • The danger of sexual assault

That list is everything that an average college student will encounter in their first year of school. Yes, sexual assault is that common. 20 to 25 percent of female undergraduates experience attempted or completed rape during their college careers. It affects male undergraduates as well, but at a lower rate.1 It’s important that your teen knows what to look for, what to do, and how to help if they are targeted or witness sexual assault.

But first, a definition: Sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Examples include unwanted physical affection, groping, and rape.

As in child sexual abuse, the perpetrator of sexual assault is usually someone known to the victim. Brad and Brittany’s parents wanted to prevent their children from being victims OR perpetrators. In order to do that they need to teach their teens the following:

01

Consent

Understanding and respecting consent will immediately reduce the risk of a person becoming a victim or a perpetrator.

02

Clear and safe boundaries

If a person doesn’t understand how to set boundaries clearly, and enforce them, they are at a much higher risk of being sexually assaulted when they begin dating and during their freshman year of college.

03

Model Behavior

As parents, it is your job to show your child what a healthy, respectful relationship looks like. This helps them form their value system and influences their view of love.

04

Drugs and alcohol

Discussing alcohol and drug abuse openly and honestly is especially important when a teen is heading to college. They need to understand that using either may result in diminished judgment and their ability to make rational decisions. They also need to be aware of “date-rape drugs” that can be given to them unknowingly.

05

Digital Interactions

Teens need to understand the impact their digital interactions can have on their lives and the importance of safety. Reinforce simple things like keeping passwords private and not feeling obligated to send someone texts or photos. You may also want to address the legal ramifications of sexting (sending suggestive texts and photos) and how it can affect minors.

06

Communication

It’s important to let your teens know that if something were to happen that their value as your child doesn’t change and you will love them no matter what. Demonstrate that you can be a safe person to talk to if an assault were to happen, and that you will help them connect to the resources they need to heal.

Brad and Brittany’s parents didn’t sit down and go over everything at once. Instead, they took opportunities when they saw them to help prepare their children for life away from home. Even more, they made sure their children know to come to them when they have problems—whether it’s how long to cook a chicken or what to do if someone is giving them unwanted attention. The result? Their children will go to college feeling empowered, and always knowing they have someone to talk to.

References:
1. Vladutiu, C. J., Martin, S. L., & R. J. (2011). College- or University-Based Sexual Assault Prevention Programs: A Review of Program Outcomes, Characteristics, and Recommendations. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12(2), 67-86.

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